Mood

Stem Infinitive Indicative Subjunctive Optative
a-stem -ha -ha -pē -bē
i-stem -li -li -tō -dō

Subjunctive

The subjuctive mood is an irrealis mood that indicates possible action. It typically pairs with a series of relative suffixes to indicate the quality of possibility.

The base subjunctive most often indicates simply that the verbal action may occur. Nuanced expressions of this possibility can be refined using a set of relative affixes, which emphasize a nuance already expressed by the baseline.

Affix Mood Semantic Meaning
— Base Subjunctive Indicates that the action may occur.
-wō- Jussive Let the action occur.
-rō- Necessitative The action should occur.
-lu- Prohibative The action should not occur.
-ngli- Horative Sarcastic modifier to action.

Each of these affixes can be paired with the affix of negation -jē-, though it should be noted that negatives in Pre-Kaddesol compound rather than contradict.

Optative

The optative mood indicates the speaker’s desire for the action to occur. It can be paired with the negative relative affix -jē- to indicate the desire for something not to occur.

Imperative

Pre-Kaddesol features two strategies for the construction of the imperative. The first involves a modification of the suffix with a second person verb. The second involves the auxiliary verb dēha .

Degrees of Command

In the pragmatics of Pre-Kaddesol , the speaker can use this and other strategies to lessen the force of the command. On a scale of most demanding to least:

  • dēha as an imperative auxiliary
  • Second person
  • First person optative with a proximate object
  • First person optative with an obviate object
  • Proximate optative with a proximate object
  • Proximate optative with an obviate object
  • Obviate optative with a proximate object
  • Obviate optative with an obviate object.
  • Proximate optative
  • Obviate optative

As an example, consider hwētuli , with the demanding namēdēhwētuli You bow down to me! to the obviating himēuhwētuli Some there bow to me.